What is the purpose of catalytic converters in a vehicle exhaust system?

The primary purpose of catalytic converters in a vehicle's exhaust system is to reduce harmful emissions. They play a crucial role in converting toxic gases produced during the combustion process, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons, into less harmful substances. The catalytic converter uses chemical reactions facilitated by catalysts—typically made of precious metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium—to achieve this transformation. This process significantly lowers the pollution level emitted into the atmosphere, helping vehicles comply with environmental regulations and contributing to cleaner air.

While catalytic converters do affect engine performance indirectly through their operation, their main function is centered around emission control rather than enhancing performance, increasing fuel economy, or regulating engine temperature directly.