What is the purpose of the camshaft in a reciprocating engine?

The camshaft's primary function in a reciprocating engine is to operate the engine's valves in a timed fashion. It plays a crucial role in ensuring that the intake and exhaust valves open and close at the correct intervals throughout the engine's cycle. This timing is essential for optimal engine performance, as it affects the engine's ability to intake air/fuel mixtures and expel exhaust gases efficiently.

The camshaft rotates and pushes against the valve lifters or rocker arms, which then open the valves at precise moments according to the engine's cycle, typically connected to the crankshaft’s rotation. The accuracy of this timing directly impacts the efficiency, power output, and emissions of the engine, making the camshaft a vital component of reciprocating engines.