What is the primary difference between a naturally aspirated and a turbocharged engine?

The primary difference between a naturally aspirated engine and a turbocharged engine lies in how they draw in air for the combustion process. A naturally aspirated engine relies solely on atmospheric pressure to intake air. It draws air into the combustion chamber by creating a vacuum through the downward movement of the pistons during the intake stroke. This method limits the engine's power output because the amount of air (and thus oxygen) available for combustion is directly dependent on atmospheric pressure, which can be affected by altitude and weather conditions.

In comparison, a turbocharged engine uses a turbocharger to force more air into the engine, increasing the amount of oxygen available for combustion. The turbocharger is powered by exhaust gases, which allows the engine to produce more power and operate more efficiently at various altitudes and speeds.

Understanding this difference highlights why naturally aspirated engines may not perform as well in less than ideal atmospheric conditions, whereas turbocharged engines can maintain performance levels regardless of the surrounding environment.