What is the function of the piston in a reciprocating engine?

The piston in a reciprocating engine plays a crucial role by compressing the air-fuel mixture and converting the chemical energy of that mixture into mechanical energy, which results in motion. During the intake stroke, the piston moves down, creating a vacuum that draws the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder. Then, in the compression stroke, the piston moves back up, compressing the mixture before it is ignited. This ignition produces a high-pressure explosion that forces the piston back down, turning the crankshaft, which ultimately powers the vehicle.

This process is fundamental to the operation of internal combustion engines, as the reciprocating motion of the piston transforms the energy produced from burning fuel into usable power for the engine. The energy conversion and compression directly influence the engine's efficiency and power output.